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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Photodermatosis</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Photodermatosis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Dermatology" title="Dermatology">Dermatology</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">
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<p><b>Photodermatoses</b> is a <a href="Skin_condition" title="Skin condition">skin condition</a> resulting in abnormal skin reactions to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These abnormal skin reactions may develop into rashes. While reactions to UV radiation is common, true photodermatoses is considered when an abnormal reaction is caused by UV-A rays or radiation between 320 and 400 nm.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>
<p>Photodermatoses can be categorized into primary or secondary photodermatoses based on the cause of the reaction. Primary photodermatoses are immunology mediated or caused by chemical/drug exposure. An example of primary photodermatoses is <a href="Polymorphous_light_eruption" title="Polymorphous light eruption">Polymorphous light eruption</a>. Polymorphous light eruption is the most common type of photodermatoses. It is most likely due to an abnormal immune system reaction to the sun. Polymorphous light eruption occurs in approximately 10 to 20 percent<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of otherwise healthy individuals, so it is a relatively common condition. A more rare photodermatoses is <a href="Hydroa_vacciniforme" title="Hydroa vacciniforme">hydroa vacciniforme</a> with a prevalence of 0.34 per 100 000.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immune-mediated_Photodermatoses">Immune-mediated Photodermatoses</h3></div>
<ul><li>Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE)</li>
<li><a href="Hydroa_vacciniforme" title="Hydroa vacciniforme">Hydroa vacciniforme</a></li>
<li><a href="Chronic_actinic_dermatitis" title="Chronic actinic dermatitis">Chronic actinic dermatitis</a></li>
<li><a href="Actinic_prurigo" title="Actinic prurigo">Actinic prurigo</a></li>
<li><a href="Solar_urticaria" title="Solar urticaria">Solar urticaria</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug_or_chemical_induced">Drug or chemical induced</h3></div>
<ul><li>Phototoxic reactions: drug-induced phototoxic reactions, <a href="Phytophotodermatitis" title="Phytophotodermatitis">phytophotodermatitis</a></li>
<li>Photoallergic reaction</li></ul>
<p>Secondary photodermatoses stems from underlying disorders including genetic diseases and photoaggravated dermatoses.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photoaggravated_dermatoses">Photoaggravated dermatoses</h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Systemic_lupus_erythematosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic lupus erythematosus">Systemic lupus erythematosus</a> (SLE)</li>
<li><a href="Dermatomyositis" title="Dermatomyositis">Dermatomyositis</a></li>
<li><a href="Acne_vulgaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Acne vulgaris">Acne vulgaris</a></li>
<li><a href="Herpes_simplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpes simplex">Herpes simplex</a></li>
<li><a href="Lichen_planus_actinicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichen planus actinicus">Lichen planus actinicus</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetic_disorders">Genetic disorders</h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Porphyria_cutanea_tarda" title="Porphyria cutanea tarda">Porphyria cutanea tarda</a></li>
<li><a href="Xeroderma_pigmentosum" title="Xeroderma pigmentosum">Xeroderma pigmentosum</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2></div>
<p>There are several ways in which medical professional can diagnose photodermatoses. Usually a detailed history of the patient's experience and medical history along with physical examination is sufficient for diagnosis. The medical professional takes into consideration the time since sun exposure; use of creams/makeup, medications, and contact with plants; frequency of pruritis; improvements with less exposure to sun such as during winter months; and family history of photodermatoses. Physical examinations look for signs of erythematous rashes and swelling of areas exposed to sun, including face, upper neck or back, and primary skin lesions which includes vesicle and blisters.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>For diagnostic uncertainty of photodermatoses, a medical professional may use other means to diagnose. Lab studies, <a href="Skin_biopsy" title="Skin biopsy">skin biopsy</a>, challenge-rechallenge testing, and phototesting are some options. Challenge-rechallenge testing is done by withdrawing and reintroducing the suspected cause and checking for reaction.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phototesting is typically done by a specialist and evaluates for primary photodermatoses. It is also the method used to identify drug related photo-toxicity.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are three main methods of phototesting: Minimal erythema dose (MED) testing, Photoprovocation test, and Photopatch testing.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minimal_erythema_dose_(MED)_testing">Minimal erythema dose (MED) testing</h3></div>
<ul><li>Through exposure to increasing UV doses, the minimum value for UV radiation to trigger a reaction can be determined.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photoprovocation_test">Photoprovocation test</h3></div>
<ul><li>Through repeated, fixed doses of UV radiation over the course of at least three days, this test aims to reproduce a photo-sensitive reaction.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photopatch_testing">Photopatch testing</h3></div>
<ul><li>Used to determine patient specific photallergens by applying suspected agents in pairs and then exposing one to UV radiation. The one exposed to UV radiation is then compared to the control that was not exposed to UV radiation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><div id="Radiation-related_disorders_/_photodermatoses156" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Radiation-related disorders / </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a>/<a href="Ionizing_radiation" title="Ionizing radiation">ionizing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Sunburn" title="Sunburn">Sunburn</a></li>
<li><a href="Phytophotodermatitis" title="Phytophotodermatitis">Phytophotodermatitis</a></li>
<li><a href="Solar_urticaria" title="Solar urticaria">Solar urticaria</a></li>
<li><a href="Polymorphous_light_eruption" title="Polymorphous light eruption">Polymorphous light eruption</a>
<ul><li><a href="Benign_summer_light_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Benign summer light eruption">Benign summer light eruption</a></li>
<li><a href="Juvenile_spring_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Juvenile spring eruption">Juvenile spring eruption</a></li>
<li><a href="Acne_aestivalis" title="Acne aestivalis">Acne aestivalis</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Hydroa_vacciniforme" title="Hydroa vacciniforme">Hydroa vacciniforme</a></li>
<li><a href="Solar_erythema" title="Solar erythema">Solar erythema</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Non-ionizing_radiation" title="Non-ionizing radiation">Non-ionizing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Actinism" title="Actinism">Actinic rays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Actinic_keratosis" title="Actinic keratosis">Actinic keratosis</a>
<ul><li><a href="Actinic_keratosis" title="Actinic keratosis">Atrophic actinic keratosis</a></li>
<li><a href="Hyperkeratotic_actinic_keratosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperkeratotic actinic keratosis">Hyperkeratotic actinic keratosis</a></li>
<li><a href="Lichenoid_actinic_keratosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichenoid actinic keratosis">Lichenoid actinic keratosis</a></li>
<li><a href="Pigmented_actinic_keratosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigmented actinic keratosis">Pigmented actinic keratosis</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Actinic_cheilitis" title="Actinic cheilitis">Actinic cheilitis</a></li>
<li><a href="Actinic_granuloma" title="Actinic granuloma">Actinic granuloma</a></li>
<li><a href="Actinic_prurigo" title="Actinic prurigo">Actinic prurigo</a></li>
<li><a href="Chronic_actinic_dermatitis" title="Chronic actinic dermatitis">Chronic actinic dermatitis</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Infrared" title="Infrared">Infrared</a>/<a href="Heat" title="Heat">heat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Erythema_ab_igne" title="Erythema ab igne">Erythema ab igne</a> (<a href="Kangri_ulcer" title="Kangri ulcer">Kangri ulcer</a></li>
<li><a href="Kairo_cancer" title="Kairo cancer">Kairo cancer</a></li>
<li><a href="Kang_cancer" title="Kang cancer">Kang cancer</a></li>
<li><a href="Peat_fire_cancer" title="Peat fire cancer">Peat fire cancer</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Cutis_rhomboidalis_nuchae" title="Cutis rhomboidalis nuchae">Cutis rhomboidalis nuchae</a></li>
<li><a href="Poikiloderma_of_Civatte" title="Poikiloderma of Civatte">Poikiloderma of Civatte</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Radiation_dermatitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation dermatitis">Radiation dermatitis</a>
<ul><li><a href="Acute_radiodermatitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute radiodermatitis">Acute</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Chronic_radiodermatitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronic radiodermatitis">Chronic radiodermatitis</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Favre%E2%80%93Racouchot_syndrome" title="Favre–Racouchot syndrome">Favre–Racouchot syndrome</a></li>
<li><a href="Photoaging" title="Photoaging">Photoaging</a></li>
<li><a href="Photosensitivity_with_HIV_infection" title="Photosensitivity with HIV infection">Photosensitivity with HIV infection</a></li>
<li><a href="Phototoxic_tar_dermatitis" title="Phototoxic tar dermatitis">Phototoxic tar dermatitis</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox600" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authority control databases: National </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="fotodermatózy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph134786&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-01-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Photodermatosis&oldid=1194027975">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
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